UNIT 3. THE GREEN MOVEMENTPART I. PHONETICS

Exercise 11. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to

each of the questions.

The poaching crisis wiping out Africa's elephants is costing the continent's economies millions in

lost tourism revenue, according to a new study. Researchers looked at visitor and elephant data across

25 countries, and modeled financial losses from fewer visitors in protected areas due to the illegal wildlife

trade, which has caused elephant numbers to plummet by more than 100,000 in the last decade. (A)

The study team combined visitor numbers across 164 protected areas in 25 countries in forest

and savannah elephants, and elephant population data from 2009 to 2013, to reach a “per elephant" value

in terms of tourism income.

They concluded that Africa was most likely losing $26m in tourism revenue a year. (B) Around

$9m of that is lost from tourists' direct spending, such as staying at hotels and buying crafts, with the rest

through indirect value in the economy such as farmers and other suppliers supporting the tourist

industry.

The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, found that in most cases the revenue

losses were higher than paying for stronger anti-poaching measures to keep elephant populations stable.

(C) Dr. Robin Naidoo, the paper's lead author and , senior conservation wildlife scientist at WWF and his

team found. In the case of central Africa's forest elephants, which are harder for tourists to see and

therefore attract fewer visitors, the costs of protecting them exceed the benefits from tourism. Demand

from south-east Asia has seen the price of ivory triple since 2009 and it is estimated that one elephant is

killed every 15 minutes. (D) Corruption, a lack of resources, and, most importantly, increasingly

sophisticated poachers have hamstrung African countries' efforts to stem the trade.

Naidoo said that the research was not suggesting economic issues should be the only

consideration when protecting elephants, but framing the poaching crisis as a financial one could

motivate African governments and communities.

“It gives an additional reason for some groups of people, who may not necessarily be motivated

by intrinsic reasons for conversation, to engage with biodiversity conservation. It makes it clear to them

that it's not just in the best interests of the world to conserve this stuff, but tangible reasons for a whole

different group," he said.

123. The overall profit that the continent lost a year can be estimated to________.

A. 25 million USD B. 100,000 USD C. 26 million USD D. 9 million USD

124. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. To get to the conclusion, scientists compared the changes in number of tourists and number of

elephants in 2009.

B. The only reason why illegal poaching is so difficult to stop is corruption.

C. Protecting elephants is for the both the practical and immaterial reasons.

D. There is an argument over the differences in the balance between the loss and the cost to

protect the elephants.

125. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Across the continent, the amount of money spent on protecting the elephant is smaller than the

loss tourist industry is suffering from.

B. The number of tourists reduces because now it is more difficult for them to see the elephants

in the wild.

C. One reason why elephants are killed in mass volume is from the increasing market of ivory in

South East Asia.

D. Relating poaching to financial benefits can be considered as one of the solutions to the problem.

126. Which of the positions marked in the passage does the phrase "but the financial argument did not

stack up in all areas,” best fit?

A. (A) B. (B) C. (C) D. (D)

127. The word plummet in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to________.

A. fall B. fluctuate C. rise D. Stabilize

128. The word sophisticated in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to________.

A. simple B. outdated C. advanced D. basic

129. The word motivate in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to________.

A. change B. design C. form D. inspire

130. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Elephant poaching costs African millions in tourism revenue

B. Elephant poaching does more good than harm

C. Elephant poaching brings an opportunity for Africa to change

D. Elephant poaching reduces the number of elephants in Africa

Part VI. WRITING