Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions.
Coral reefs are the most diverse of all marine ecosystems. They are full of life, with perhaps one
quarter of all ocean species depending on reefs for food and shelter. This is a remarkable statistic when
you consider that reefs cover just a tiny fraction of the earth's surface and less than two per cent of the
ocean bottom. Because they are so diverse, coral reefs are often called the rainforests of the ocean. Coral
reefs are very important to people. They even provide seventy per cent of the food demands for some
marine species, protection of shorelines, jobs based on tourism (nine out of twelve activities for tourists
in Nha Trang, for example, involve the coral reefs), and even medicines.
Unfortunately, climate change is the greatest global threat to coral reef ecosystems. Scientific
evidence now clearly indicates that the Earth's atmosphere and ocean are warming, and that these
changes are primarily due to greenhouse gases derived from human activities.
As temperatures rise, mass coral bleaching events and infectious disease outbreaks are becoming
more frequent. Additionally, carbon dioxide absorbed into the ocean from the atmosphere has already
begun to reduce calcification rates in reef-building and reef-associated organisms by altering seawater
chemistry through decreases in pH. This process is called ocean acidification.
Climate change will affect coral reef ecosystems, through sea level rise, changes to the frequency
and intensity of tropical storms, and altered ocean circulation patterns. When combined, all of these
impacts dramatically alter ecosystem function, as well as the goods and services coral reef ecosystems
provide to people around the globe.
There are also many things you can do to ensure that you are environmentally conscious when
you visit coral reefs or coastal areas. These include things such as hiring local guides to support the
economy, removing all trash from an area, never touching or harassing wildlife in reef areas, and avoiding
dropping your boat anchor or chain nearby a coral reef.
Finally, stay informed and spread the word! Educate yourself about why healthy coral reefs are
valuable to the people, fish, plants, and animals that depend on them. Your excitement will help others
get involved.
118. Though the coverage of coral reefs on the sea bed is________, its vital role is undeniable.
A. remarkable B. small C. diverse D. huge
119. _________ of all the ocean species find food and home in the coral reefs.
A. Two per cent B. Seventy per cent C. Twenty-five per cent D. Nine per cent
120. Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere directly caused________.
A. infectious disease outbreaks B. reef-building
C. sea level rise D. ocean acidification
121. Which of the following statement is NOT true?
A. Coral reefs can be compared to rainforests due to its diversity.
B. The effects of global warming are only on the ecosystems themselves.
C. You can help the coral reefs by educating not only yourself but people around you.
D. Human activities which cause greenhouse gases are major reasons for the climate change.
122. The word conscious in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to________.
A. knowledgeable B. curious C. aware D. acknowledgeable
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